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Email Security: SPF, DKIM and DMARC

by Froga

Why a protocol with no authentication at all needed three bolted on afterwards — what each of the three actually checks, and which address a human reader is looking at.

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Study material

A domain owner publishes a DNS record listing which servers may send mail for that domain. The receiving server compares the connecting address against that list. It is a check on the sender's address, not on the message — SPF says nothing about whether the content was tampered with.

What does SPF check?

multiple choice

Whether the sending server's address is one the domain has authorised
Whether the message body has been altered
Whether the message is encrypted
Whether the recipient exists
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