Before you break codes
by Froga
The maths behind the Crypto lab, without the heavy parts: bytes and hex, XOR, remainders, and why multiplying two primes is easy but splitting the answer is hard. Ten minutes.
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Study material
Every extra bit doubles the number of patterns: 1 bit has 2, 2 bits have 4, 3 bits have 8. Keep doubling until you reach 8 bits. This number matters in the lab: a key that is one byte long has exactly this many possibilities, which is why trying them all takes no time at all.
A byte is 8 bits, each either 0 or 1. How many different values can one byte hold?
multiple choice
A8
B64
C256
D1,024
2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2.
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