SQL Injection and XSS: The Bugs Behind Most Data Breaches

Websites often store information, like usernames and passwords, in a database. To fetch or change that information, the website's code sends commands called SQL queries. SQL injection happens when someone types text into an ordinary form field, like a search box or login box, that is written so it gets treated as part of the database command instead of as plain text. If the website doesn't check the input carefully, the attacker's extra command runs alongside the real one, letting them read or change data they should never be able to touch.